TS 黑马头条案例
基础结构
完成:项目的基础结构搭建
基础样式:styles/index.css
css
* {
margin: 0;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
#app {
height: 100vh;
overflow: hidden;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
}
.channel-nav {
height: 44px;
overflow-x: auto;
box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}
.channel-nav::-webkit-scrollbar {
display: none;
}
.channel-nav .list {
display: flex;
}
.channel-nav .item {
padding: 0 15px;
height: 44px;
text-align: center;
line-height: 44px;
text-decoration: none;
font-size: 14px;
color: #999;
white-space: nowrap;
-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;
position: relative;
transition: all 0.3s;
}
.channel-nav .item::after {
content: '';
position: absolute;
left: 50%;
bottom: 0;
width: 0px;
height: 2px;
border-radius: 1px;
background-color: coral;
transform: translateX(-50%);
transition: all 0.3s;
}
.channel-nav .item.active::after {
width: 24px;
}
.channel-nav .item.active {
color: #333;
font-size: 18px;
}
.article-list {
flex: 1;
overflow-y: auto;
padding: 0 15px;
}
.article-item {
padding: 15px 0;
border-bottom: 0.5px solid rgba(0,0,0,.07);
}
.article-item .title {
width: 100%;
margin: 0;
line-height: 22px;
font-size: 16px;
color: #333;
margin-bottom: 8px;
max-height: 44px;
display: -webkit-box;
overflow: hidden;
text-overflow: ellipsis;
-webkit-box-orient: vertical;
-webkit-line-clamp: 2;
}
.article-item .img {
width: 30%;
height: 74px;
border-radius: 4px;
margin-bottom: 8px;
margin-right: 3%;
}
.article-item .info {
width: 100%;
color: #a5a6ab;
font-size: 12px;
position: relative;
}
.article-item .info span {
margin-right: 12px;
}
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使用样式 main.ts
ts
import { createApp } from 'vue';
import './styles/index.css'
import App from './App.vue';
createApp(App).mount('#app');
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准备组件:
components/ChannelNav.vue
vue
<script setup lang="ts"></script>
<template>
<div class="channel-nav">
<nav class="list">
<a
class="item"
:class="{ active: i === 0 }"
href="javascript:;"
v-for="(item, i) in 10"
:key="i"
>
推荐{{ item }}
</a>
</nav>
</div>
</template>
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components/ArticleList.vue
vue
<script setup lang="ts"></script>
<template>
<div class="article-list">
<div class="article-item" v-for="i in 10" :key="i">
<p class="title">迪桑娜开发就加快速度的教案设计顶课了撒建档立卡撒娇大理石</p>
<img class="img" src="https://yanxuan-item.nosdn.127.net/7afec01ce36598c7d22173b6c0e7fcf6.jpg" alt="">
<img class="img" src="https://yanxuan-item.nosdn.127.net/7afec01ce36598c7d22173b6c0e7fcf6.jpg" alt="">
<img class="img" src="https://yanxuan-item.nosdn.127.net/7afec01ce36598c7d22173b6c0e7fcf6.jpg" alt="">
<div class="info">
<span>小兵张嘎</span>
<span>17评论</span>
<span>1天前</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
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使用组件:App.vue
vue
<script setup lang="ts">
import ChannelNav from './components/ChannelNav.vue';
import ArticleList from './components/ArticleList.vue'
</script>
<template>
<ChannelNav></ChannelNav>
<ArticleList></ArticleList>
</template>
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axios 与 TypeScript
掌握:掌握axios配合泛型,设置响应数据类型
vue
<script setup lang="ts">
import axios from 'axios';
// 使用TS的时候,axios()调用需要改为 axios.request(),可以使用泛型
// 1. 使用泛型的目的的告诉axios返回数据的类型如何
// 2. 泛型的类型需要和接口返回的一致,否则无意义
// 频道对象
type ChannelItem = {
id: number;
name: string;
};
// 频道接口响应数据
type ChannelResData = {
data: {
channels: ChannelItem[];
};
message: string;
};
axios
.request<ChannelResData>({
url: 'http://geek.itheima.net/v1_0/channels',
})
.then((res) => {
// res.data 的类型就是 Data
console.log(res.data.data.channels[0].name);
});
</script>
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小结:
- 使用axios的时候怎么给返回数据提供类型?
axios.request<数据类型>()
其他请求方法类似
- 提供的类型要注意啥?
- 类型需要根据接口返回的数据类声明,或者根据接口文档
频道渲染
完成:axios获取数据后频道列表渲染
步骤:
- 提取类型到
types
目录 - 在组件初始化通过
axios.get
获取数据 - 进行渲染
types/data.d.ts
ts
// 频道对象
export type ChannelItem = {
id: number;
name: string;
};
// 频道接口响应数据
export type ChannelResData = {
data: {
channels: ChannelItem[];
};
message: string;
};
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ChannelNav.vue
vue
<script setup lang="ts">
import axios from 'axios';
import { onMounted, ref } from 'vue';
import { ChannelItem, ChannelResData } from '../types/data'
// 创建响应式数据
const channels = ref<ChannelItem[]>([])
onMounted(async ()=>{
const res = await axios.get<ChannelResData>('http://geek.itheima.net/v1_0/channels')
// 给响应式数据赋值
channels.value = res.data.data.channels
})
</script>
<template>
<div class="channel-nav">
<nav class="list">
<a
class="item"
href="javascript:;"
v-for="(item, i) in channels"
:key="item.id"
>
{{item.name}}
</a>
</nav>
</div>
</template>
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导航切换
完成:频道导航切换效果
- 切换的频道ID将来需要给
ArticleList
组件使用,所以在App
组件定义数据 - 在
ChannelNav
改变频道的时候,通过自定义事件传递给App
组件使用和修改
默认选中
App.vue
vue
<script setup lang="ts">
import ChannelNav from './components/ChannelNav.vue';
import ArticleList from './components/ArticleList.vue'
import { ref } from 'vue';
// 数据App维护,因为切换频道ID的时候 列表需要根据频道ID更新
const channelId = ref(0)
</script>
<template>
<ChannelNav :channelId="channelId"></ChannelNav>
<ArticleList></ArticleList>
</template>
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ChannelNav.vue
diff
// 2.完成切换效果
+defineProps<{ channelId: number }>()
</script>
<template>
<div class="channel-nav">
<nav class="list">
<a
class="item"
+ :class="{active: channelId === item.id}"
href="javascript:;"
v-for="item in channels"
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进行切换
ChannelNav.vue
diff
+const emit = defineEmits<{
+ (e: 'changeChannel', id: number): void;
+}>();
</script>
<template>
<div class="channel-nav">
<nav class="list">
<a
class="item"
:class="{ active: channelId === item.id }"
href="javascript:;"
v-for="item in channels"
:key="item.id"
+ @click="emit('changeChannel', item.id)"
>
{{ item.name }}
</a>
</nav>
</div>
</template>
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App.vue
xml
<ChannelNav :channelId="channelId" @change-channel="channelId = $event"></ChannelNav>
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列表更新
实现:频道切换后列表更新
步骤:
- 声明接口数据的类型
- 监听频道ID变化,开启默认执行
- 发起请求,获取数据
- 完成渲染
代码:
- 类型
types/data.d.ts
ts
// 文章对象
export type ArticleItem = {
art_id: string;
aut_id: string;
aut_name: string;
comm_count: number;
cover: {
cover: number;
images: string[];
};
is_top: number;
pubdate: string;
title: string;
};
// 文章接口响应数据
export type ArticleResData = {
data: {
pre_timestamp: string;
results: ArticleItem[];
};
message: string;
};
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- 监听频道ID变化,开启默认执行,获取数据
App.vue
xml
<ArticleList :channelId="channelId"></ArticleList>
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ArticleList.vue
ts
import axios from 'axios';
import { ref, watch } from 'vue';
import { ArticleItem, ArticleResData } from '../types/data';
const props = defineProps<{ channelId: number }>();
const articles = ref<ArticleItem[]>([]);
watch(
() => props.channelId,
async () => {
const res = await axios.get<ArticleResData>(
`http://geek.itheima.net/v1_0/articles`,
{
params: {
channel_id: props.channelId,
timestamp: Date.now(),
},
},
);
articles.value = res.data.data.results;
},
{ immediate: true }
);
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- 渲染
vue
<template>
<div class="article-list">
<div class="article-item" v-for="item in articles" :key="item.art_id">
<p class="title">{{ item.title }}</p>
<img
v-for="(src, i) in item.cover.images"
:key="i"
class="img"
:src="src"
alt=""
/>
<div class="info">
<span>{{ item.aut_name }}</span>
<span>{{ item.comm_count }}评论</span>
<span>{{ item.pubdate }}</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
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